Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining.There is hypo- and hyperacidic gastritis (ie with high or low acidity).
As is known, the stomach produces hydrochloric acid, the content of which determines the type of gastritis.Diet plays a leading role in the treatment of gastritis.
Basic rules of diet
The main goal of the gastritis diet is to stick to a diet that ensures normal digestion.
The table for the treatment of gastritis (per day) should contain:
- 90-100 g of proteins (60% animal),
- 90-100 g fat (75% animal)
- 400-420 g of carbohydrates.
The total energy value should be 2800-3000 kcal.
Eating rules for gastritis
Power mode
First, you need to follow the meal schedule (at the same time).Secondly, with gastritis, meals should be partial, 4-5 times a day, but at the same time it is necessary to avoid snacks (they provoke "excessive" secretion of gastric juice and reduce its production during breakfast/lunch/dinner, which disrupts the processes of food processing and absorption).
Reading while eating, watching TV and "eating while running" should be strictly excluded.
Knowing the measure
With gastritis, the saying "after eating there should be a feeling of slight hunger" is more relevant than ever.
Firstly, the feeling of satiety appears only 10-15 minutes after eating, and secondly, a full stomach does not cope well with its functions, especially with gastritis.
Chewing food
Long chewing of food (at least 25-30 seconds for each piece) promotes deeper mechanical processing of food, which facilitates an inflamed stomach.In addition, hunger in this case is satisfied faster (which prevents overeating).
Refusal of complex meals
The gastritis menu should consist of simple but varied dishes.A large number of ingredients in dishes make it difficult for the stomach to digest them.
Rest after meals
After each meal you should rest for 15-20 minutes (you don't have to sleep).You can read a book or listen to music.
Prohibited foods for gastritis
With increased acidity
In gastritis with increased production of hydrochloric acid, the diet should be aimed at reducing the formation of gastric juice.Therefore, the principles of the treatment table consist of 3 points:
- mechanical- avoid eating foods with coarse fibers (bread with bran, turnips, radishes, "old" meat);
- chemically- prohibition of foods that increase the production of gastric juice (alcohol, coffee, white cabbage, citrus fruits, sour fruits and berries, strong broths);
- thermal- do not eat too cold or, on the contrary, hot food (the optimal temperature is 50 degrees).
Prohibited foods in hyperacidic gastritis:
- fresh, especially warm bread, pastries from butter and puff pastry;
- cereals: pearl barley, legumes, millet, barley, corn (coarse fiber);
- rich meat and fish broths, okroshka, borscht, mushroom soups (they contain many extractive substances that stimulate the production of gastric juice);
- fatty and stringy varieties of any meat: duck, chicken, pork, smoked meat (they are difficult to digest in the stomach and increase the formation of hydrochloric acid);
- fatty and salty fish (provokes the formation of gastric juice);
- fermented milk products (all types of sharp cheeses, limited to sour cream);
- vegetables: rutabaga, radishes, radishes, sorrel, spinach, canned vegetables (coarse fibers), as well as onions and garlic, especially raw (stimulate gastric glands in the mucosa);
- sweets: sour fruits and berries, unripe fruits, chocolate, dried fruits (coarse fibers, increased acidity);
- spices: mustard, black pepper, horseradish (stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid);
- carbonated drinks, kvass, coffee (stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid, increase the formation of gas, cause heartburn);
- fried and hard-boiled eggs, animal fats (except butter).
Gastritis with low acidity
The goal of the low-acid gastritis diet is to stimulate (in moderation) the production of gastric juice.Food should be taken after the beginning of the secretion of hydrochloric acid, that is, in the first phase (advertisements or food programs, beautiful pictures of food, "tasty" conversations can provoke the release of gastric juice).
Prohibited foods in hypoacidic gastritis:
- fresh bread, rich pastries ("heavy" food for the stomach, makes chemical and mechanical processing difficult);
- limiting pearl barley, legumes, millet;
- fatty meat, meat with fascia (films), canned goods, smoked meats (inadequate mechanical processing of food, excessive release of hydrochloric acid);
- oily and salty fish;
- vegetables and fruits with coarse fiber (white cabbage, turnips, radishes, cucumbers, peppers), mushrooms;
- fruits with grains or thick skin (raspberries, strawberries, red currants, gooseberries, figs);
- sharp and salty cheeses, milk - neutralizes hydrochloric acid;
- pork, beef, lamb bacon and fats (indigestible due to low production of hydrochloric acid, hard-to-digest foods);
- spices and seasonings (irritating the gastric mucosa), as well as chocolate, grape juice, alcohol;
Allowed products
With increased acidity
The products and dishes allowed and recommended for gastritis with increased acid formation should neutralize the high content of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and facilitate digestion in the stomach (purées, liquid porridges, boiled meat, fish and poultry).
Allowed products for hyperacidic gastritis:
- "yesterday's" or dry bread, crackers, dry biscuits (biscuits);
- mashed vegetable puree (carrots, potatoes, beets, cauliflower), peeled tomatoes;
- fruits that do not contain coarse fiber (bananas, baked apples, ripe pears, sweet fruits, as well as preparation of fruit drinks, compotes, jellies, jellies from them);
- sweet products: milk cream, marshmallows, marshmallows, honey (drinking honey water 1.5-2 hours before meals reduces acidity in the stomach, has a healing and immunostimulating effect);
- butter (natural and ghee), vegetable oils (contain vitamin E, which neutralizes hydrochloric acid);
- lean varieties of meat and poultry (veal, beef without tendons and fascia, "white" chicken meat);
- milk, cream, low-fat cottage cheese (antacid - acts against acids, covers the gastric mucosa, neutralizes gastric juice);
- river fish (contains a large amount of unsaturated fat, which normalizes the functioning of the digestive tract) in the form of cutlets or steamed, cooked;
- seafood;
- parsley and fennel, vanillin and cinnamon in small quantities to stimulate the appetite;
- soft-boiled eggs or steamed omelette (preferably white);
- juices from cabbage, potatoes, carrots (or a mixture) - antacid effect, high content of vitamin U - anti-ulcer factor;
- rosehip decoction (a lot of vitamin C, which has a healing effect and stimulates the appetite), weak tea or coffee with milk, cocoa, still mineral water (removal of toxins).
With low acidity
Products that are recommended to be consumed in gastritis with low acidity should stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid.Eating should coincide with the beginning of the secretion of gastric juice.
Allowed products for hypoacid gastritis:
- dried bread, crackers, baked goods;
- porridges with water or diluted milk, well-boiled, liquid, also steamed meatballs and cutlets, puddings, soufflés;
- veal, beef, chicken without skin;
- low-fat meat and fish broths, you can add cereals, pasta, if it is well tolerated, borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot soup with finely chopped vegetables;
- potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, white (small) cabbage, cauliflower (boiled, steamed or in the form of puree, pudding);
- juices from potatoes, cabbage, carrots immediately before meals (stimulate the release of hydrochloric acid);
- honey water before meals (stimulates the formation of acids), watermelons, peeled grapes, baked apples, compotes and mousses from very ripe and sweet fruits and berries;
- tea with lemon, weak coffee, cocoa with diluted milk, rosehip decoction;
- vegetable oils, butter;
- fermented milk products, grated and soft cheese in small slices;
- soft-boiled eggs or egg white omelette.
The need to follow a diet
No drug can completely cure acute gastritis or bring about a stable remission in the presence of chronic gastritis.
All advertised drugs, available to everyone, are sold without a prescription in pharmacies.But they only remove (temporarily) the unpleasant symptoms (acids, pain, belching).
Following a diet for gastritis not only makes the patient's life easier, but also disciplines him.
The table for the treatment of gastritis is wholesome and healthy food, normalization of lifestyle, refusal of bad habits and low-quality products.In addition, the diet for gastritis helps to normalize weight (those who have lost weight will gain weight, and overweight people will lose weight), since timely and nutritious food not only normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, but also all metabolic processes and therefore strengthens the immune system.
Consequences of not following the diet
If you refuse to follow a diet for any type of gastritis, the patient may face the following problems:
- lack of vitamins;
- diseases of the liver, pancreas, duodenum, colon and small intestine (as a result of impaired function of the stomach);
- significant loss of body weight (fear of eating);
- ulcer disease and its consequences: perforation of the ulcer, penetration of the ulcer - germination in the organ, bleeding;
- the formation of atrophic gastritis and its transformation into stomach cancer.